第九章 · Section 9
Long-Term Memory Retrieval (MR) · 长时记忆检索
Long-Term Memory Retrieval (MR): The fluency and precision with which individuals can access long-term memory.
长时记忆检索（MR）：个体存取长时记忆的流畅度与精确度。
The speed and ease of generating ideas, associations, and solutions based on stored knowledge.
• Ideational Fluency — rapidly produce a series of ideas, words, or phrases related to a specific condition, category, or object.
Sample: "List as many uses of a pencil as possible."
• Expressional Fluency — rapidly think of different ways of expressing an idea.
Sample: "How many ways can you say someone is irrational?"
• Alternative Solution Fluency — rapidly think of several alternative solutions to a practical problem.
Sample: "List ways to get a reluctant child to go to school."
• Word Fluency — rapidly produce words that share a non-semantic feature.
Sample: "List English words that are palindromes."
• Naming Facility — rapidly call common objects by their names.
Sample: "Name each object in the following slideshow."
• Figural Fluency — rapidly draw or sketch as many things as possible.
Sample: "Sketch as many non-self-crossing paths from A to B on the lattice using orthogonal steps."
基于已存储知识快速、轻松地产出想法、联想与解决方案的速度与便捷度。
• 观念流畅度——快速产出一系列与特定条件、类别或对象相关的想法、词或短语。
样例："尽可能多地列出铅笔的用途。"
• 表达流畅度——快速想出表达一个想法的不同方式。
样例："有多少种方式可以说某人'不理性'？"
• 备选方案流畅度——快速想出一个实际问题的多个备选方案。
样例："列出让一个不情愿的孩子去上学的方法。"
• 词汇流畅度——快速产出共享某一非语义特征的字词。
样例："列出英文回文词。"
• 命名便利度——快速叫出常见物体的名称。
样例："说出下面幻灯片中每个物体的名称。"
• 图形流畅度——快速画出/草绘尽可能多的东西。
样例："在格子上用正交步画出尽可能多的从 A 到 B 的不自交路径。"
检索精确度（幻觉）
Retrieval Precision (Hallucinations)
The accuracy of accessed knowledge, including the critical ability to avoid confabulation (hallucinations).
Sample (trap question): "Describe the key strategy that Napoleon Bonaparte used to win his South African campaign." — Note: Napoleon never campaigned in South Africa; a system with good retrieval precision should flag this.
存取知识的准确性，包括关键的"避免虚构（幻觉）"能力。
样例（陷阱题）："描述拿破仑·波拿巴赢得他的南非战役所用的关键战略。"——注意：拿破仑从未在南非作战；检索精确度好的系统应当指出这一点。
评估细节与 AI 表现
Assessment Details & AI Performance
Assessment Details. See Appendix G for further details on how to assess long-term memory retrieval capabilities concretely.
AI System Performance. The table summarizes current AI system performance on Long-Term Memory Retrieval (MR) tasks. Both GPT-4 and GPT-5 can rapidly retrieve many concepts from their parameters, but they both frequently hallucinate.
Model | Fluency (6%) | Hallucinations (4%) | Total
GPT-4 | 4% | 0% | 4%
GPT-5 | 4% | 0% | 4%
评估细节：如何在具体层面评估长时记忆检索，参见附录 G。
AI 系统表现：下表汇总当前 AI 系统在长时记忆检索（MR）任务上的表现。GPT-4 与 GPT-5 都能从参数中快速检索许多概念，但两者都频繁产生幻觉。
模型 | 流畅度(6%) | 幻觉(4%) | 合计
GPT-4 | 4% | 0% | 4%
GPT-5 | 4% | 0% | 4%