第十二章 · Section 12
Speed (S) · 速度
Speed (S): The ability to perform cognitive tasks quickly.
速度（S）：快速完成认知任务的能力。
知觉搜索 / 知觉比较
Perceptual Search / Perceptual Compare
Perceptual Search — scanning image or text to find specific targets.
Sample: "Find the largest number in '48291, 93652, 12844, 59277'." / "Highlight instances of 'x' in this passage."
Perceptual Compare — comparing two or more stimuli to identify similarities or differences.
Sample: "Quickly choose the larger number: 5.11 or 5.9."
知觉搜索——扫描图像或文本以找到特定目标。
样例："在 '48291, 93652, 12844, 59277' 中找出最大的数。" / "在这段话中高亮所有 'x'。"
知觉比较——比较两个或多个刺激以识别异同。
样例："快速选出更大的数：5.11 还是 5.9。"
阅读 / 写作 / 数字
Reading / Writing / Number
Reading — processing text with full comprehension.
Sample: "Read the passage and define 'feelies'."
Writing — generating or copying text.
Sample: "In 60 seconds, please copy and output as much of the passage: [text]"
Number — performing basic arithmetic operations.
Sample: "Compute 9 × 10 × 11."
阅读——在充分理解下处理文本。
样例："阅读这段话并定义 'feelies'。"
写作——生成或抄写文本。
样例："请在 60 秒内尽可能多地抄写并输出这段话：[文本]"
数字——执行基本算术运算。
样例："计算 9 × 10 × 11。"
简单反应 / 选择反应 / 检视
Simple Reaction / Choice Reaction / Inspection
Simple Reaction — reaction time to the onset of a single stimulus.
Sample: "After reading this, immediately say 'hello'."
Choice Reaction — reaction to the onset of one of several possible stimuli.
Inspection — perceiving differences between several stimuli.
Sample: "As quickly as you can, identify the color of the image." / "Quickly choose the voice that sounds the angriest."
简单反应——对单一刺激出现的反应时间。
样例："读到这里后，立刻说 'hello'。"
选择反应——对多个可能刺激之一的出现作出反应。
检视——感知多个刺激间的差异。
样例："尽可能快地识别这张图像的颜色。" / "快速选出听起来最愤怒的那个声音。"
比较 / 指针流畅度
Comparison / Pointer Fluency
Comparison — comparing stimuli by a specific attribute.
Pointer Fluency — moving a pointer, such as a virtual mouse.
Sample: "Use the mouse to draw as many circles as possible in 20 seconds."
比较——按特定属性比较刺激。
指针流畅度——移动指针（如虚拟鼠标）。
样例："用鼠标在 20 秒内尽可能多地画圆。"
评估细节与 AI 表现
Assessment Details & AI Performance
Assessment Details. See Appendix J for further details on how to assess speed capabilities concretely.
AI System Performance. The table summarizes current AI system performance on Speed (S) tasks. Both GPT-4 and GPT-5 can read and write and compute simple expressions quickly, but their other multimodal processing speed capabilities are nonexistent or slow, respectively.
Note: GPT-5 often requires a long time to answer in "thinking" mode. Moreover, several of these speed tests require multimodal capabilities, but GPT-5's multimodal capabilities are slow.
Model | PS-S | PS-C | Re | Wr | Num | SRT | CRT | IT | CS | PF | Total
GPT-4 | 0% | 0% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 3%
GPT-5 | 0% | 0% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 3%
评估细节：如何在具体层面评估速度能力，参见附录 J。
AI 系统表现：下表汇总当前 AI 系统在速度（S）任务上的表现。GPT-4 与 GPT-5 都能快速读写、计算简单表达式，但它们的其他多模态处理速度能力分别是不存在或缓慢。
注意：GPT-5 在"思考"模式下常常需要很长时间作答。此外，这些速度测试有几项需要多模态能力，而 GPT-5 的多模态能力较慢。
模型 | 知觉搜索 | 知觉比较 | 阅读 | 写作 | 数字 | 简单反应 | 选择反应 | 检视 | 比较 | 指针 | 合计
GPT-4 | 0% | 0% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 3%
GPT-5 | 0% | 0% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 3%